Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: The development of hepatic stellate cells in normal and abnormal human fetuses – an immunohistochemical study

doi: 10.14814/phy2.12504

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hepatic Mesenchymal Cells in Control Fetuses. (A) cRBP-1-positive cell numbers at different gestational ages in control fetuses. The mean number of stellate cells/hpf from 10 hpf was calculated for each control fetus. Although there is wide variation in numbers of stellate cells at each gestational age, there is a statistically significant reduction in stellate cell density with increasing gestational age ( r = −0.3576, P = 0.0186). Hepatic mesenchymal cells stained for cRBP-1 (B), GFAP (C, D), and α SMA (E) in a 19 week gestational control fetus. (B) Numerous hepatic stellate cells are present, showing oval nuclei and long cell processes expressing cRBP-1 antigen (arrow and inset). (C) Numerous stellate-shaped perisinusoidal cells expressing GFAP. Rounded GFAP+ve cells in the sinusoidal spaces (arrows) show similar nuclear features and appear to be transitional forms between intravascular and perisinusoidal cells. (D) GFAP stain showing some submesothelial cells expressing this antigen. There are relatively abundant stellate cells beneath the liver capsule. (E) α SMA shows scant stellate cells in the liver lobules. (score 0.5 for α SMA); Original magnification ×400.

Article Snippet: Sections were incubated with mouse anti- α SMA primary antibody (Biocare Medical), followed by a secondary MACH antimouse HRP (Biocare Medical) antibody and TSATM-FITC signal amplification (Life Technologies).

Techniques: Control, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: The development of hepatic stellate cells in normal and abnormal human fetuses – an immunohistochemical study

doi: 10.14814/phy2.12504

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical details and expression of cRBP-1, GFAP, α -SMA, and WT1 in Renal Agenesis Cases versus Controls (modified from Loo et al. 2012b )

Article Snippet: Sections were incubated with mouse anti- α SMA primary antibody (Biocare Medical), followed by a secondary MACH antimouse HRP (Biocare Medical) antibody and TSATM-FITC signal amplification (Life Technologies).

Techniques: Expressing, Modification, Control

Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: The development of hepatic stellate cells in normal and abnormal human fetuses – an immunohistochemical study

doi: 10.14814/phy2.12504

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hepatic Mesenchymal Cells in Renal Agenesis Fetuses. (A) cRBP-1-positive cell numbers at different gestational ages in Renal Agenesis Fetuses. Numbers of hepatic stellate cells/hpf expressing cRBP-1 in fetuses with bilateral renal agenesis, with or without cardiac defects compared to matched control fetal liver. Mean of 50 hpf is provided for each case. There were significantly fewer hepatic stellate cells in cases of bilateral renal agenesis fetuses with cardiac defects (BRA + CHD; gestational ages 17–41 weeks) versus both controls (gestational ages 15–29 weeks) and bilateral renal agenesis fetuses without cardiac defects (BRA; gestational ages 18–21 weeks) (ANOVA, P = 0.0023), independent of gestational age. Results for individual fetuses are presented in Table . Hepatic mesenchymal cells stained for cRBP-1 (B), α SMA (C) and GFAP (D–G) in renal agenesis fetuses. (B) cRBP-1 shows fewer stellate cells and these have shorter cell processes (small arrow) compared with control (see Fig. ). Circulating mesenchymal cells are present in the blood vessel (large arrow). (C) There are many more perisinusoidal cells expressing α SMA (score 3 for α SMA) versus the control fetus (see Fig. ); Original Magnification, ×400. (D) Many intravascular and perisinusoidal cells, some with stellate morphology, expressing GFAP. (E) High power view of (D) showing GFAP+ve intravascular cells (small arrow) and stellate shaped perisinusoidal cells with stellate morphology (large arrow) and cells of the transitional forms between intravascular and perisinusoidal cells (arrowhead). (F) In a fetus with bilateral renal agenesis, cardiac and WT1 defects, there are numerous round intravascular cells expressing GFAP antigen (arrows), while stellate cells in the perisinusoidal space with characteristic long processes are scant. These are not concentrated beneath the mesothelium as in control cases (as seen in Fig. ). (G) GFAP immunohistochemistry shows abundant stellate cells beneath the capsule in a renal agenesis fetus without cardiac or WT1 defects.

Article Snippet: Sections were incubated with mouse anti- α SMA primary antibody (Biocare Medical), followed by a secondary MACH antimouse HRP (Biocare Medical) antibody and TSATM-FITC signal amplification (Life Technologies).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: The development of hepatic stellate cells in normal and abnormal human fetuses – an immunohistochemical study

doi: 10.14814/phy2.12504

Figure Lengend Snippet: Colocalization of α SMA and cRBP-1. Dual immunofluorescence for (A) α SMA (green), (B) cRBP-1 (red) and (C) DAPI (blue) in renal agenesis fetus, showing a large round cell (mesenchymal stem cell, arrowhead) and an activated stellate cell (arrow) expressing α SMA (A). There is another similar round cell coexpressing both antigens (large arrow), presumably a stem cell in early transition to a stellate cell (D, merge). Stellate cells expressing cRBP-1 antigen alone are also seen (B). (Original magnification, ×630).

Article Snippet: Sections were incubated with mouse anti- α SMA primary antibody (Biocare Medical), followed by a secondary MACH antimouse HRP (Biocare Medical) antibody and TSATM-FITC signal amplification (Life Technologies).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: The development of hepatic stellate cells in normal and abnormal human fetuses – an immunohistochemical study

doi: 10.14814/phy2.12504

Figure Lengend Snippet: Colocalization of α SMA and GFAP. Dual immunofluorescence for (A) α SMA (green), (B) GFAP (red) and (C) DAPI (blue) in renal agenesis fetus showing a hepatic stellate cell (arrow) and mesenchymal stem cell (arrowhead) expressing α SMA only (A), and a mesenchymal stem cell coexpressing both α SMA and GFAP (B) possibly in transition to a hepatic stellate cell (large arrow) and (D, merge). (Original magnification, ×630).

Article Snippet: Sections were incubated with mouse anti- α SMA primary antibody (Biocare Medical), followed by a secondary MACH antimouse HRP (Biocare Medical) antibody and TSATM-FITC signal amplification (Life Technologies).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: The development of hepatic stellate cells in normal and abnormal human fetuses – an immunohistochemical study

doi: 10.14814/phy2.12504

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hepatic mesenchymal cells in main liver of 27 week diaphragm agenesis fetus showing (A) GFAP, (B) cRBP-1, and (C) α SMA expressing mesenchymal cells. (A) GFAP is expressed in large, rounded intravascular cells (small arrow), and perisinusoidal stellate cells (large arrow). (B) cRBP-1 is weakly expressed in ductal plate cells but there are very scant perisinusoidal stellate cells expressing this antigen. (C) Increased numbers of stellate-shaped perisinusoidal cells express α SMA antigen (large arrow) as well as a few large, rounded intravascular cells, including one in a central vein in the lower right of the photomicrograph (small arrow).

Article Snippet: Sections were incubated with mouse anti- α SMA primary antibody (Biocare Medical), followed by a secondary MACH antimouse HRP (Biocare Medical) antibody and TSATM-FITC signal amplification (Life Technologies).

Techniques: Expressing